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ABSTRACT Obesity is largely undertreated, in part because of the stigma surrounding the disease and its treatment. The use of the term "weight loss drugs" to refer to medications for the treatment of obesity may contribute to this stigma, leading to the idea that anyone who wants to lose weight could use them and that short-term use, only in the active weight loss phase would be enough. On the contrary, the use of terms such as "medications to treat obesity" or "anti-obesity medications" conveys the idea that the treatment is directed at the disease rather than the symptom. This joint statement by the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO) and the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) intends to alert the press, healthcare professionals and scientific community about the importance of the appropriate use of language, with the aim of improving obesity care.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is one of the most common hepatic diseases in individuals with overweight or obesity. In this context, a panel of experts from three medical societies was organized to develop an evidence-based guideline on the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of MASLD. Material and methods: A MEDLINE search was performed to identify randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, cohort studies, observational studies, and other relevant studies on NAFLD. In the absence of studies on a certain topic or when the quality of the study was not adequate, the opinion of experts was adopted. Classes of Recommendation and Levels of Evidence were determined using prespecified criteria. Results: Based on the literature review, 48 specific recommendations were elaborated, including 11 on screening and diagnosis, 9 on follow-up, 14 on nonpharmacologic treatment, and 14 on pharmacologic and surgical treatment. Conclusions: A literature search allowed the development of evidence-based guidelines on the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of MASLD in individuals with overweight or obesity.
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ABSTRACT Hypopituitarism is a disorder characterized by insufficient secretion of one or more pituitary hormones. New etiologies of hypopituitarism have been recently described, including head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, and drug-induced hypophysitis. The investigation of patients with these new disorders, in addition to advances in diagnosis and treatment of hypopituitarism, has increased the prevalence of this condition. Pituitary hormone deficiencies can induce significant clinical changes with consequent increased morbidity and mortality rates, while hormone replacement based on current guidelines protects these patients. In this review, we will first discuss the different etiologies of hypopituitarism and then address one by one the clinical aspects, diagnostic evaluation, and therapeutic options for deficiencies of TSH, ACTH, gonadotropin, and GH. Finally, we will detail the hormonal interactions that occur during replacement of pituitary hormones.
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Humans , Endocrinology , Hypopituitarism/etiology , Hypopituitarism/drug therapy , Pituitary Hormones , Brazil , Hormone Replacement TherapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage puts patients at high risk for the development of pituitary insufficiency. We evaluated the incidence of pituitary dysfunction in these patients and its correlation with clinical outcome. METHODS: Pituitary function was tested in 66 consecutive patients in the first 15 days after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The following were measured in all patients: thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, total testosterone (in males), estradiol (in females), prolactin, serum cortisol, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone and insulin growth factor. RESULTS: The endocrine assessment was made at a mean of 7.4 days (standard deviation ±6.6) after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Forty-four (66.7%) female and 22 (33.3%) male patients were evaluated. Thirty-nine patients (59.1%) had some type of pituitary dysfunction. Follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone deficiency was the most frequent disorder (34.8%), followed by growth hormone/insulin growth factor (28.7%), adrenocorticotropic hormone (18.1%) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (9%). Seventeen (25.7%) patients showed deficiencies in more than one axis. A greater incidence of hormone deficiency was observed in patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤13 (t test, p = 0.008), Hunt-Hess grade ≥4 (t test, p<0.001), or Fisher grade 4 (t test, p = 0.039). Hormone deficiency was not significantly associated (p>0.05) with increased hospitalization or clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: Pituitary dysfunction was identified in a substantial portion of patients with previous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but no association was found between this dysfunction and poor clinical outcome. .
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hypopituitarism/etiology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications , Hypopituitarism/blood , Hypopituitarism/physiopathology , Pituitary Function Tests , Pituitary Gland/physiopathology , Pituitary Hormones/blood , Reference Values , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Thyroid Hormones/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study reports on the Brazilian Portuguese adaptation of the QoL-AGHDA (Quality of Life Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults) for use in adult growth hormone deficient (GHD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The translation process adopted the dual panel methodology. The questionnaire was tested through field-test interviews (16 GHD patients). In the final stage, data from 120 GHD patients (81 included in a test-retest analysis) were analyzed for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity and validity among known groups. RESULTS: The translation panels were successful and the draft version was amended to improve the wording as a result of the field-test interviews. Cronbach's alpha was 0.90 and test-retest reliability 0.88. QoL-AGHDA scores had the expected pattern of association with NHP scale scores and QoL-AGHDA was able to differentiate significantly between patients based on patient-reported general health (p < 0.01) and QoL (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The adaptation of the QoL-AGHDA for a Brazilian population was successful and the adapted questionnaire was shown to be reliable and valid.
OBJETIVO: Este estudo relata o processo de adaptação da versão brasileira do questionário QoL-AGHDA (Quality of Life - Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults) para pacientes com deficiência do hormônio de crescimento (DGH). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A tradução adotou a metodologia de duplo painel. O questionário foi testado por intermédio de entrevistas direcionadas com 16 pacientes com DGH. No estágio final, dados de 120 pacientes com DGH (81 com teste/reteste) foram analisados para consistência interna, confiabilidade teste/reteste, validade convergente e validade entre grupos conhecidos. RESULTADOS: Os grupos de tradução foram bem-sucedidos e a versão final foi adaptada seguindo sugestões obtidas das entrevistas com os 16 pacientes. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi 0,90, confiabilidade teste/reteste 0,88, escores QoL-AGHDA se correlacionaram com o NHP (p < 0,01) e também com a saúde geral relatada pelos pacientes (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: A adaptação do QoL-AGHDA para a população brasileira foi bem-sucedida, e a nova versão demonstrou ser válida e confiável.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Human Growth Hormone/deficiency , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Translations , Brazil , Language , Reproducibility of Results , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Este trabalho objetiva relatar um caso de paralisia periódica hipocalêmica tireotóxica (PPHT), além de discutir a fisiopatologia desta complicação rara e potencialmente fatal do hipertireoidismo. Trata-se de paciente do sexo masculino, atendido no serviço de urgência, com fraqueza muscular intensa de início abrupto nos membros. Ao exame físico constatou-se quadriplegia flácida sem outras alterações neurológicas, taquicardia e bócio difuso à palpação da tireóide. Negava ascendência oriental ou história familiar de quadro semelhante. O eletrocardiograma mostrou sinais de hipocalemia. As provas de função tireoideana foram compatíveis com tireotoxicose associada à hipocalemia franca.Os sinais e sintomas cardiovasculares foram prontamente revertidos a partir da reposição de potássio e terapêutica com beta-bloqueador. Os sintomas neurológicos só apresentaram resolução definitiva após a correção do hipertireoidismo. Este caso alerta para a importância do diagnóstico precoce como fator prognóstico da evolução de pacientes hipocalêmicos com tireotoxicose.
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Humans , Male , Adult , Goiter , Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis/physiopathology , Thyrotoxicosis , Hypokalemia , HypothyroidismABSTRACT
Objetivo: Mielolipomas são tumores raros e benignos do córtex adrenal de etiologia desconhecida. São compostos de células gordurosas maduras e tecido hematopoiético em vários graus de diferenciação. A maioria desses tumores são nódulos pequenos e assintomáticos. Assim, o diagnóstico desses tumores no passado era geralmente realizado por ocasião da realização de autópsia. Entretanto, devido aos atuais métodos de imagem, tem-se aumentado a descoberta ocasional desses tumores em pacientes portadores de outras patologias. Os mielolipomas são quase sempre não-funcionantes, mas há relatos desses tumores associados a distúrbios endócrinos.Relato de caso: Paciente JHN, 60 anos, masculino,portador de diabetes mellitus controlado com insulina,hipertensão arterial e hipercolesterolemia, evoluindocom insuficiência renal crônica abordada por tratamentodialítico, seguida por transplante renal. O paciente apresentou quadro de hipopotassemia sintomática na vigência de função renal limítrofe, tendo sido aventada a hipótese diagnóstica de hiperaldosteronismo primário. Essa hipótese foi confirmada pelas dosagens de renina e aldosterona plasmáticas, além do achado de massa adrenal esquerda através de tomografia computadorizada e de ressonância nuclear magnética. Foi realizada adrenalectomia esquerda videolaparoscópica, sendo que o paciente evoluiu com nomalização da hipopotassemia e da hiperglicemia, incluindo a suspensão da insulinoterapia. O estudo anatomopatológico foi compatível com o diagnóstico de mielolipoma, sem achados sugestivos de aldosteronoma. Conclusão: É bastante evidente neste relato de caso a relação do mielolipoma adrenal com o hiperaldosteronismo primário, reforçando a hipótese de queeste tipo de tumor possa associar-se às endocrinopatiase a outras condições clínicas potencialmente reversíveisou controláveis pela ressecção do mielolipoma, como foi o caso desse relato